English Language Development Lesson Plan - 1494 Words

ESL Textbook Evaluation According to the English Language Development lesson plan (ELD), learning or developing English is the main objective, and it asserts that content can only be learned when one has developed their English language by use of rich content through grade-appropriate text. In addition, through this plan teachers usually teach the English language as a second language through a system that is differentiated according to English language development levels. In setting up a criteria for learning English as a second language using Textbooks, it important to note as Oshima and Hogue (2015) argued that â€Å"teachers of English who strongly rely on textbooks, are the ones who are mostly unqualified to interpret or examine text books in relation to their content and methodology† (p.251). Hence irrespective of the need for the textbooks, learning English hugely depends on the teaching style adopted by teachers to deliver lessons to English learner students; the stand ards set out in the English Language Development plan and the available resources. Some scholars have argued against the use of Textbooks as not relevant at all in the development of the English language. They also argue that with textbooks in place, teachers are most like to be handcuffed as they only would act as inter-mediators which limit their creativity (Crichton Koster, 2015). Textbooks, also, present a series of unwarranted prepared arrangement and follow of content that may be unrealistic andShow MoreRelatedMy Career Plan For Teaching English1731 Words   |  7 PagesMy degree program at UCO has been focused on teaching English as a second language to adults; however, my career plan includes teaching English literature and language at secondary level. I plan to use my degree when students who are non-native speakers of English are a part of my classes. In these cases, I will use altered mainstream curriculum to teach English, a method known as Content-Based Instruction (CBI). While observing an English composition and research class, I encountered an ins tructorRead MoreUnderstand Current National and Organisational Policies and Practices for Literacy Development1532 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstand current national and organisational policies and practices for literacy development 1.1, Explain the aims and importance of learning provision for literacy development The learning provisions for development in literacy are extremely important and can be reached by using their language skills. They learn to communicate with others through three main ways: they are Speaking, Reading and Writing. These three areas interact with each other and develop the Childs self-expression and imaginationRead MoreCurriculum Development Paper973 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment of curriculum content that implements strategies and methods that enhance Language Acquisition. Presented by: Presented to: Institution: Contents a) Grade/developmental level b) Education needs and rational c) Theoretical perspective d) Learning objectives e) Content outline f) Strategies and methods g) Resources h) Lesson plans Read MoreDifferent Aspects Of Emergent Literacy Development906 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant aspects in emergent literacy development. Phonological awareness and fluency are two very important aspects. There are many ways that a teacher can incorporate these reading components into activities. A flannel board based on a nursery rhyme is a great way to enhance phonological awareness and fluency in a child’s literacy development. Phonology A variation in phonology across languages can affect the development of English language learners. English language learners might have difficultyRead MoreEducation And Literacy Development For Preschool Dual Language Learners956 Words   |  4 Pageswill be in different stages of language development, and the educator must accommodate for each of these students. Magruder, Hayslip, Espinosa, and Matera (2013) state, â€Å"The US Census Bureau projects that by the 2030s, children whose home language is other than English will increase from roughly 22 percent to 40 percent of the school-age population† (p. 9). This increase in second language learners will cause the educator to accommodate for those needs. Second language learners â€Å"need teachers who welcomeRead MoreInternational Training At Training Centre ( Melt ) At Defence Training Center ( Ditc )871 Words   |  4 Pagesin 2013 I had an opportunity to attend Methodology of English Language Training (MELT) at Defense International Training Centre (DITC) in RAAF Williams Melbourne. MELT is a four months course with the objective to prepare participants for a teaching role in English courses. The participants from different countries will learn about lesson planning, teaching skills, classroom management, teaching aid production, and English language development. The course has practical focus whereby the participantsRead MoreAccommodating Differences in Education Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesindividualize a lesson plan. Instructing a class of students that are not all identical to each other is rewarding. Teaching a group of different pupils will give a new teacher professional improvement and development. Instructing a class encompasses a many different methodologies, teaching procedures, interaction configurations, and responsibilities. Most new teachers feel no confidence in their teaching abilities. When they do have a diverse class with special needs, English language learners, andRead M oreExplain The Differences Between Bics And Calp1081 Words   |  5 Pagessecond language acquisition. 3. What is the role of a student’s primary language proficiency in second language acquisition? 4. Define Specially Designed Academic Instruction in English (SDAIE). Explain the goals and objectives and instruction features of this framework. (10 points) 5. Briefly describe the difference between informal and formal assessments. What are the advantages/disadvantages of each? 6. Pick one of the activities under the heading â€Å"Promoting Oral Language Development in theRead MoreEssay On Elells1009 Words   |  5 PagesESL Education Used in Today’s Civilization In today’s society, English Language Learners (ELLs) are fortunate enough to have access to different programs and technology in a way that can further the learning of the new language. With the use of these programs and technology, ELLs can accelerate their education in a way that many people did not get to experience many years ago. The positive effects technology can have on an English Language Learners (ELLs) over the past couple decades have been bountifulRead MoreSummary And Discussion Of English1667 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion NSW English K-10 Syllabus (Board of Studies, NSW, 2012) for Speaking and Listening The focus on oral language especially, speaking and listening, in the NSW English Syllabus K-10 is created so that language learning is recursive and develops through our expansive contexts. The resources accompanying speaking and listening ensure students are using metalanguage, phonology, morphology and syntax. ‘The aim of English in Years K–10 is to enable students to understand and use language effectively

Obesity And Its Effects On Society - 1303 Words

Obesity and its Effects on Society ‘America is fat’, this statement repeated by numerous people in and out of healthcare profession and if someone don’t believe this statement, maybe the following statistic will change our mind. According to (CDC) Center for Diseases Control and prevention, obesity rate grew 65% between 1990 and 2002(Su). Still not convince? When most Americans read that statistics they have single question is ‘Why?’ How is the rate of obesity growing so fast? Is this the way we eat? Is it the way we live? Or we are just lazy? There are many answers to this question we going to find out. Understand this problem, it is important because the Center for disease control found that the range of obesity in American states rise and falls from 22% to 38% (Harvard). Almost one in five people are obese in slimmest state, and one in three is obese in Americans fattest states. This means obesity is a national security threat, and it’s affecting our society. Obesity also affects America as a society, because it demonstrates how un-restrained Americans can be when it it comes to consumption. Americans also lead very sedentary lives and seemly go out of their way to be inactive. Finally, Obesity is also an economic factor, because it affects our healthcare system and has negative impact on the economy. America promotes obesity and at the end of the day, America has only itself to blame for this pandemic. The CDC defines an obese person as a person who has a body massShow MoreRelatedObesity And Its Effects On Society1455 Words   |  6 PagesObesity has been around for a decade that affects millions of people of the nation of the United States every day. According to the textbook â€Å"Understanding Psychology†, obesity is body weight that is more than 20% above the average weight for a person of a particular height (Feldman, 2012, pg. 325). This health problem not only affects adults but also a lot of children. Obesity has increased over the past decade, particularly people that are facing obesity are using inadequately devise dietsRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society923 Words   |  4 Pagesscare some into not eating unhealthy as often, if at all. There will certainly be people will not be affected by the changes and continue to follow through with their usual habits, but there will be others who may end up moving to the other side. Obesity in the U.S. has increased substantially over time; according to the American Psychological Association, the rate has tripled within the last quarter century, and statistics continue to worsen regarding the matter (The Impact of Food Advertising†)Read MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society997 Words   |  4 PagesIt is not what one does or how one looks, but it is the reaction of society or how society reacts that determines if an act is deviant or not (Goode, 2011). Obesity adheres to Goffman’s typology of stigma and deviance; abomination of the body and blemish of individual character (Goode, 2011). Terms such â€Å"Hog Bodies† or â€Å"Pigs in Human suits† are frequently used because the majority considers obesity as a product of immoral or deviant behavior. Furthermore, individuals that are not fat believeRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Society And Government1352 Words   |  6 Pagesin 1960- is an issue that has been ignored for long enough and must become a matter that is acknowledged and discussed. Obesity affects both society and government; Therefore, society and government alike are responsible for facilitating this epidemic. In order to fight this health crisis, society should educate and encourage individuals about the risks and preventions of obesity but should not associate weight with a concrete appearance that cannot be broken, and government should should offer incentivesRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Today s Society2252 Words   |  10 Pagesa higher risk of developing coronary heart disease and other conditions such as high bl ood pressure, diabetes, stroke, sleep apnea, and the list just keeps going on. Some of the reasons that more and more people are becoming overweight in today’s society is for starts, the prices of unhealthy foods at supermarkets and fast food restaurants. The healthier food options are much more expensive than the unhealthy options. If someone wanted to go to a McDonalds to buy a cheeseburger for example, they couldRead MoreThe Reason Of Obesity And Obesity998 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Introduction: In these days, rates of overweight and obesity are growth faster in Australia. Fourteen million Australians are overweight or obese. More than five million Australians are obese. Australian adults (63%) are overweight or obese, almost 2 in 3. And children (25%) are overweight or obese. Obesity has overtaken smoking as the crucial cause of death and illness in Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are 1.9 times as likely as non-indigenous Australians toRead MoreEffects Of The Fast Food Industry On Canadians1263 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will look at the effects of the fast food industry on Canadians, specifically, the raise of obesity in Canada due to the wide availability of fast foods. This topic is covered by providing a background about obesity, examining the health consequences, the economic impact, and looking at the social impact and the psychosocial impact on individuals diagnosed as obese. The paper was researched by reading about the subject matter in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature. The search termsRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On People, Cancers And Type 2 Diabetes1252 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Obesity has become a growing issue in the recent years and its increasing trend is now referred to as a ‘pandemic’ by many researchers and scientists. With a  £3.2 billion currently estimated cost of overweight and obesity to the NHS, one can understand the growing interest in this matter. This essay is going to discuss the bad effects of obesity on people, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers and type-2 diabetes. Then, this essay will talk about the causes, and how junk food andRead MoreObesity Is A Major Problem1234 Words   |  5 Pagesfour decades, the rate of obesity in America has been on the increasing end; two out of three Americans are either obese or overweight. The obesity epidemic has become a major problem in the United States which caused many serious effects on individual and society. It is an indiscriminate problem that negatively affect everyone from adults to children; which is a significant threat to the health of humanity that needs to be elimi nated. First, we need to know what obesity is. According to OxfordRead MoreHuman Related Obesity1090 Words   |  4 PagesIs obesity a disease or a human related cause? Researchers have studied this question for years and have come to a variety of different conclusions. Some believe that obesity is a disease and can only be prevented by medications, while others believe that obesity is a human related cause and can be only prevented by a healthy diet and exercise. The American Medical Association (AMA) recently announced that obesity is officially a disease. Dr. Patrice Harris, a member of the American Medical Association

Nissan USA Free Essays

How to effectively manage new employees at the Ionians Smyrna plant? II. Statement of the Objective To adapt US and Japanese corporate cultures at the Ionians Smyrna plant within 6 months Ill. Areas of Consideration Strengths a. We will write a custom essay sample on Nissan USA or any similar topic only for you Order Now Latest Japanese management techniques and technology for producing vehicles b. Key positions and first line production supervisors are being filled by workers from Tennessee through an agreement with the State c. Hired experienced and native Tenseness that will be have specialized training in Japan for 2 to 4 months d. Participative management or harmonious relationship between management and labor e. Maximize human resources by implementing job enlargement and enrichment. Weaknesses a. Japanese economy Is worst advertisement for free trade b. The company’s top management Is aged between 50 – 65 years old c. Cultural difference in work attitudes are predominant d. Language barrier Opportunities a. Employee screening by Tennessee Department of Employment b. Maximize human resources of Ionians USA bib enlargement and Job enrichment) Threats a. Use of robots that will replace human workers b. Temporary or sub-contract workers are opposed by US unions (AAU) Alternative Courses of Action ACACIA: To unionized the new employees thru AAU participation ACE: To establish strong reward system for workers V. Analysis ACACIA: To unionized the employees thru JAW Advantages: 1 . Promotes Job security and decreases Job attrition rate 2. As Americans tend to be individualistic, management could convey messages thru union organizations 3. Induce harmonious relationship between management and workers 4. Labor cost can be fixed for quite sometime, thus management cod roper plan its cost Disadvantages: 1. If abuse, management may have decrease human resource control 2. May subject companies to tantamount labor disputes induce by the union organization ACE: To implement employee empowerment thru trainings and decision making participation Advantages: 1 . Awareness on the Japanese management style and operations of the business 2. Improves the confidence of workers that increases productivity, efficiency and quality products 3. Develop teamwork open communication among between management and workers 4. Employee satisfaction and welfare 5. Work motivating environment 1. Abuse benefits and familiarity 2. Compromise confidentiality ACE: To establish strong reward and recognition system for workers Advantages: 1 . Improves the confidence of workers that increases productivity, efficiency and quality products 2. Job enrichment/satisfaction 3. Competitiveness of workers 4. Motivated workers 1 . Over-expectations 2. Bias/sub]activity of reward criteria 3. Compromise the quality of output VI. Conclusion Decision Matrix Criteria ACE ACE Cost 3 2 Performance effectiveness Turn-over rate Total 4 9 5 Definition of Criteria Cost – the amount of money needed to pursue the recommended courses of action Performance effectiveness – efficiency of workers resulting to increase quality and productivity Turn-over rate – decrease in turn-over rate of workers Criteria Weights 3 – least costly, most effective, lowest turn-over rate 2 – less costly, more effective, lower turn-over rate 1 – costly, effective, low turn-over rate 0 AC 2 is chosen for the most advantageous plan. Identify/ highlight good cultural corporate traits among workers and promote practice of such in the work place Quality circle members, Department Heads Decorate the plant with posters sharing good US and Japan corporate values John Bryan, HER Department 1 month Send key employees to Japan for training John Bryan, Department Heads, Conduct monthly meetings discussing corporate cultures and corrections if any John Bryan, Quality circle members, Every month Conduct small focus group discussion among workers regarding work and corporate culture HER Department, Department Heads Monitor results John Bryan, HER Department 2 months How to cite Nissan USA, Papers

Economy of Singapore and Policy Debate for GDP- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEconomy of Singapore and Policy Debate for GDP. Answer: Introduction: The significance of the Singaporean economy rights lies in the developed and free market economy that it has holding 37th position globally in terms of Gross Domestic Product. The country ranks third in terms of per capita GDP estimated as per purchasing power parity. The nation is marked as pro-business encouraging business through adoption of various policies that favor the growth of the business. One of this is lower tax rates which accounts only 14.2% of the GDP. In terms of fairness, the country falls within top 10 and ranks 7th as least corrupt nation. The nation is mostly exporter to the world and connected with various countries through trade. This makes even the smaller economy important globally and the global impacts play greater role in determining the national economic health. The macroeconomic policies of nations play important role not only to ascertain economic growth in the nation over period but also helps the economy move toward stable equilibrium that is optimum (Ghosh,Jonathan and Marcos 2016). Major instruments of such macro policies are monetary policy or changes brought through modified exchange rate system The paper attempts to present an overall snapshot of Singaporean economy and detect its potential as well as lacking. The paper aims to prescribe whether a monetary policy or a exchange rate policy would be better strategy for the nation to solve the recent problems and move toward integrated and more developed economic situation. Snapshot of Singaporean Economy Upon achieving freedom from the shackles of Malaysian rule in 1965, Singapore started its solo journey with presence of small domestic market, higher unemployment and consequently poverty poor standard of living and lack of education and health. The poor condition of the nation showed in the estimated unemployment figure, which reached as high as 14% (Tremewan 2016). Since then the nation focused on making the country attractive destination for investment and capital inflows. The imitative proves its success in the fact that by 2001 the nation has been able to receive foreign investments in the manufacturing production by 75% and in the manufacturing export by 85% (Tremewan 2016). The investment boosted the production to meet increased demand and this further led to capital accumulation. Overtime this led to increased savings and interest rates. This enhanced the capital stock of the nation by 33 times since it was in 1992. The capital-labor ration increased 10 times. With rising wag e shares of GDP and household consumption backed by increased income the standard of living improved and the nation reached middle income level from low income nation Two biggest strategies adopted by the nation was self-reliance and skill development within workforce that took care of the deficiencies the nation had in terms of income and basic amenities of life. Public companies driven by government comprise the major part of the national economy. These companies are held through sovereign wealth funds that buys majority shares in those firms. The nation is biggest financier in terms of foreign direct investment outflow. Positive economic and political climate of the nation has also made it receive capital inflows from global institutions. The policies and strategies brought 8% of GDP growth rate in the nation from 1960 to 1999. The rate fell to 5.4% following Asian Financial Crisis (Rodan 2016). The economy picked up its growth reaching 9.9% in 2001 even though the slumps in the USA, Japan, European countries had negative impact on the growth condition of Singapore. Since 2004 the nation showed remarkable growth rate The economy of the country lies mostly on three broadly visible sectors Banking, Biotechnology and Energy Infrastructure. Apart from these, telecommunication and retail sector also plays significant role in determining the growth of GDP overtime. The manufacturing sector accounts highest almost 21% to GDP followed by retail and whole sale contributing 17%, business by 14, financial services and transportation by 12%, construction by 4% and others 20% (Rodan 2016). Though the nation is dominant in service production, it also pioneers in manufacturing of chemicals and electronics. Current Economic Issues In the recent time period the nation records GDP at US$298.1 billion with current growth rate of 1.7% in 2016 and 2.9%v in 2017 (Tremewan 2016). The increasing trend of the growth trend is due to increasing industrial production as well as export. The industrial production growth rate has been in 1% in 2016 estimation. The open market operation of the nation has allowed it to receive freedom in trade, business, investments and financial operations. The efficient regulation of the economy has led to relaxation in the business operation as well as provided freedom to labor and money market. The country has managed to maintain good fiscal health with lower tax burden and higher level of government spending. Source: (2017 Index of Economic Freedom) The driving reason behind continued growth of Singapore is the stable macroeconomic policies combined with political, legal and financial stable environment. This has led the economy to become more dynamic and adaptive as well as responsive to various global and national events. The growth in business is promoted and consolidated by the strong and secured property rights. Efficient judicial framework, lower level of corruption and sustained rule of law led the economy move toward increasing pattern of growth line. The country is open to the global economies for trade and investment. Moreover the decisions and activities are taken incorporating environmental sustenance that makes the country more attractive globally in terms of efficient production. Even though the nation is mostly consists of public companies held and operated by government, the private sector determines the resilience and the competitiveness of the nation. State ownership in the enterprises as well as key sectors of economy reflects substantial balance in the economic growth. Public housing services, heath care, education and various other programs are administered by the provident fund of central government and statutory authorities. To prescribe suitable policy for growth, the nation needs to indentify its shortcomings and deficiencies. Major issues the nation facing right at this period are: Slow Growth: The recent economic trend of slower growth stems from the massive hit that Global Financial Crisis gave to the world economy. The interconnection of the countries through international trade made the impact of the crisis chronic and spread too many countries (Aggarwal and Shujiro 2013). This had huge impact on economy of Singapore too with lowering the employment stemmed from cut in production due to fall in international demand of export. The world economy is yet under reconstruction and this restructuring creates economic vulnerability for the nation. Almost 3460 lost job and huge amount people got affected facing challenges in employment (Tremewan 2016). Almost 42000 business units could not thrive the economic hit and led toward shut down situation. The recent slump in the national economic output is the combined effect of cyclical fluctuation in short-term and structural concerns of the long run. Key contributors to slower growth are: Slow Global Growth: Growth of largest world economies like USA, China has slumped which had clearer impact in reduced trade, demand and consequent impact on Singapore s falling export and growth respectively. T he trade dependent national economy is greatly affected by the downturn global economy is facing. Slump in Global Oil Price: The oil and gas industry has faced plunging prices that affected their business growth since middle of 2014 continued till recent years. The downturn in prices for long time has led to loss of $35.5 billion revenue from the top oil companies of the country. Shift in Flow of Trade: The international trend of trade has shifted towards consumption and services than industrial and manufactured goods production. This has led to reduction in demand and export has fallen as a result creating a gloom fro economy of Singapore. Disruptions and Changes: Advancement of technology has updated almost every industry of the nation bringing forth both the challenges along with opportunities. This factor has affected the labor market most. On one hand the advent of technology creates room for new jobs in emerging sectors like engineering, IT, healthcare and education. (Aggarwal and Shujiro 2013) On the other hand it creates challenges in terms of loss of employment. Few of the services in which the country aced like aviation and national carriers, has eroded its value due to excessive competition coming from Southeast and East Asia. Problem of higher manufacturing cost, shortage of lands, poor policies that restricts access to foreign workers, weak performance of productivity, required a structural change for the entire economy, which the nation is unable to provide. The health services of the nation are also performing under strain being unable meet the huge demand at low cost even after the central provident fund has been initiated to provide basic health services. Moreover poor stock market performance an retrenchment in banking, oil and gas, electronic and real estate sectors created much more negative vibes for the economic output. Implication of monetary Policy Exchange Rate Policy: The monetary policy of a country is crucial to its economic growth as it stabilizes various economic shortcomings it has. A good monetary policy take s care of the inflationary pressure the nation has. It helps in cash control through open market operation. Moreover, interest rates goes up and down depending upon the mode of monetary policy being expansionary or contractionary (Tan 2012). An expansionary monetary policy would make the interest rates lower and the contractionary one would push the rates to be higher in order to control the supply of money in the market. Moreover to bridge the gap of balance of payment deficit, ensure price stability and manage debt of the nation, well planned monetary policy is unequivocally important. Exchange rate affects price stability and growth of a nation. It determines the prices of goods and services in international trade. Suppose for $1, SGD 1.379 is exchanged. Now if dollar appreciates that is suppose $1 is exchanged for SGD 2 which also implies depreciation of Singaporean dollar, then that makes import cost higher and export brings more revenue for the nation. This leads to more export and less import improving balance of trade (Burle, Gregor, and Daniel 2014). On the other hand, depreciation of the dollar happens when Singaporean dollar appreciates, suppose $1 = SGD 0.98 now. The value of dollar falls and makes US goods become cheaper and more import is encouraged. The exports of Singapore falls as the national product become expensive in international market (Von Mises 2012). As a result, balance of trade runs in deficit. These affect the domestic price as well as national output strongly. Year Exchange Rate of (SGD/$) 2011 1.2573 2012 1.2498 2013 1.2513 2014 1.2671 2015 1.3748 2016 1.379 (Source: Author) The table shows that the exchange rate of the Singapore has been steady over the past 5 years with recent insignificant depreciation in last 2 years. This ensures the country doesnt require exchange rate modification that much but the monetary policy which can enhance the money market operation Suitable Policy for Singapore The major problem Singapore is facing right now is lesser economic growth stemming from recessionary impact of Global Financial Crisis spread worldwide. As a result, volume of international trade has declined due to fall in export demand from big economies like USA, China. This situation can be survived only by expanding and diversifying domestic economy. For this, a suitable monetary policy is best way to boost the domestic consumption. From the national income identity Y = C + I + G + NX , Y the national output or income can be enhanced by boosting the components like C, I or G apart from NX which is well managed by a suitable exchange rate policy (Ghosh,Jonathan and Marcos 2016). The country being mostly trade dependent needs to shift focus toward creating more demand in nation and go for market expansion in various sector. This would require more government expenditure too bring out new projects that would create employment while supplying to meet demand. The country has to remain open to international trade without adopting protectionism as adopted by many developing s well as developed economies in order to save themselves from contagious effect of global downturn. This requires the nation to participate more in trade agreements and partnerships like Trans-Pacific Partnership as member of Asian Economic Community. Conclusion Singapore has left its mark on the global economy through its huge export made to various countries of world. Mostly the big market economies like USA, Japan, and China India created more export demand for Singapore and the recent global financial crisis has hit the Singaporean economy pretty bad that evoked slower growth throughout in the nation in recent time. Since volume of trade and as a result, export of the country has been falling which it can counteract by an expansionary monetary policy that would increase money supply. Increased money supply can call for more demand through more income generation and more investment should be made in sectors and enterprises in order to diversify the production in national economy. The country needs to prepare for the seen as well as unseen challenges to recover the downfall by adopting innovative production to meet the expanded and diversified demand in the domestic market. Re-skilling the labor force can make the enterprises produce more efficiency and productivity. References Aggarwal, Vinod, and Shujiro Urata, eds.Bilateral trade agreements in the Asia-Pacific: Origins, evolution, and implications. Routledge, 2013. Burle, Gregor, and Daniel Kaufmann.Exchange Rate and Price Dynamics in a Small Open Economy: The Role of the Zero Lower Bound and Monetary Policy Regimes. No. 2014-10. Swiss National Bank, 2014. Bruno, Valentina, and Hyun Song Shin. "Capital flows and the risk-taking channel of monetary policy."Journal of Monetary Economics71 (2015): 119-132. Fiore, Fiorella De, and Oreste Tristani. "Optimal monetary policy in a model of the credit channel."The Economic Journal123, no. 571 (2013): 906-931. Gambacorta, Leonardo, Boris Hofmann, and Gert Peersman. "The effectiveness of unconventional monetary policy at the zero lower bound: A cross?country analysis."Journal of Money, Credit and Banking46, no. 4 (2014): 615-642. Ghosh, Atish R., Jonathan D. Ostry, and Marcos Chamon. "Two targets, two instruments: monetary and exchange rate policies in emerging market economies."Journal of International Money and Finance60 (2016): 172-196. Hamilton, James D., and Jing Cynthia Wu. "The effectiveness of alternative monetary policy tools in a zero lower bound environment."Journal of Money, Credit and Banking44, no. s1 (2012): 3-46. Ozga, Jenny, Terri Seddon, and Thomas S. Popkewitz, eds.World Yearbook of Education 2006: Education, Research and Policy: Steering the Knowledge-Based Economy. Routledge, 2013. Pudukudy, Manoj, Zahira Yaakob, Masita Mohammad, Binitha Narayanan, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Renewable hydrogen economy in AsiaOpportunities and challenges: An overview."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews30 (2014): 743-757. Rodan, Garry.The political economy of Singapore's industrialization: national state and international capital. Springer, 2016. Stein, Jeremy C. "Monetary policy as financial stability regulation."The Quarterly Journal of Economics127, no. 1 (2012): 57-95. Tan, Kenneth Paul. "The ideology of pragmatism: Neo-liberal globalisation and political authoritarianism in Singapore."Journal of Contemporary Asia42, no. 1 (2012): 67-92. Towbin, Pascal, and Sebastian Weber. "Limits of floating exchange rates: The role of foreign currency debt and import structure."Journal of Development Economics101 (2013): 179-194. Tremewan, Christopher.The political economy of social control in Singapore. Springer, 2016. Tsangarides, Charalambos G. "Crisis and recovery: Role of the exchange rate regime in emerging market economies."Journal of Macroeconomics34, no. 2 (2012): 470-488. Von Mises, Ludwig.On the manipulation of money and credit: three treatises on trade-cycle theory. Liberty Fund, 2012.